John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity," delivered aboard the Arbella in 1630, is a cornerstone text in understanding the Puritan vision for their Massachusetts Bay Colony. Its enduring relevance lies not just in its historical significance but in its exploration of communal responsibility and the ideal of a godly society. Knowing how to cite this foundational document accurately and effectively is crucial for any serious student of early American history or Puritan thought.
This guide will help you confidently cite "A Model of Christian Charity" in various academic styles, address common citation questions, and explore the deeper meaning and implications of Winthrop's sermon.
Understanding the Text: Key Themes and Arguments
Before delving into citation specifics, let's briefly examine the core arguments within "A Model of Christian Charity." Winthrop's sermon isn't merely a religious exhortation; it's a blueprint for social organization. He emphasizes several key themes:
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Community over Individualism: Winthrop forcefully rejects a purely individualistic approach to Christianity, advocating for a deeply interconnected community where members support and care for one another. This collective responsibility is rooted in their shared faith and their commitment to building a godly society.
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The Covenant with God: Central to Winthrop's vision is the idea of a covenant—an agreement—between the colonists and God. By adhering to God's laws and supporting each other, they would establish a "city upon a hill," a shining example of Christian living for the world to see.
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Charity as a Moral Obligation: Winthrop stresses that charity isn't simply an act of generosity; it's a fundamental moral obligation stemming from their shared faith and their relationship with God. This charity extends to both spiritual and material support.
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The "Two Types" of Liberty: Winthrop distinguishes between "natural" liberty (the freedom to do as one pleases) and "civil" or "federal" liberty (the freedom to do what is good and just under God's law). This distinction is critical in understanding the Puritans' emphasis on obedience and communal order.
How to Cite "A Model of Christian Charity"
The precise method of citing "A Model of Christian Charity" depends on the citation style you are using. Here are examples in some common styles:
MLA (Modern Language Association):
- Winthrop, John. "A Model of Christian Charity." The Winthrop Papers, vol. 1, edited by James K. Hosmer, Little, Brown, and Company, 1929, pp. 29-37. (Note: Depending on the edition you use, page numbers may vary.)
Chicago (Notes and Bibliography):
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- John Winthrop, “A Model of Christian Charity,” in The Winthrop Papers, vol. 1, ed. James K. Hosmer (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1929), 29-37.
APA (American Psychological Association):
- Winthrop, J. (1929). A Model of Christian Charity. In J. K. Hosmer (Ed.), The Winthrop Papers (Vol. 1, pp. 29-37). Little, Brown, and Company.
Important Considerations:
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Edition: Specify the edition you consulted, as page numbers and text may vary slightly across different editions. The Hosmer edition is commonly cited.
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Online Sources: If using an online version, include the URL and the date accessed.
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Consistency: Maintain consistency throughout your work in terms of formatting and the information provided.
Frequently Asked Questions (PAAs)
What is the main purpose of "A Model of Christian Charity"?
The main purpose of "A Model of Christian Charity" is to articulate John Winthrop's vision for the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a model Christian society. He aimed to inspire the settlers to work together, support each other, and create a community that exemplified godly living.
What are the key themes of Winthrop's sermon?
The key themes include the importance of community, the covenant with God, the moral obligation of charity, and the distinction between natural and civil liberty. These themes provided a framework for the social and political structure of the colony.
How does Winthrop define charity in his sermon?
Winthrop defines charity not merely as individual acts of kindness, but as a fundamental aspect of Christian life that requires communal responsibility and mutual support. It entails both spiritual and material assistance.
What is the significance of the "city upon a hill" metaphor?
The "city upon a hill" metaphor signifies the colonists' desire to establish a community that would serve as a shining example of Christian living for the world. It carries a weight of responsibility and underscores the expectation that their actions would be closely observed.
What is the relationship between liberty and authority in Winthrop's view?
Winthrop differentiates between "natural" liberty (the freedom to do as one pleases) and "civil" liberty (the freedom to do what is good and just). He emphasizes that civil liberty is subordinate to God's law and the authority of the community, promoting order and collective well-being.
By understanding the content and utilizing the appropriate citation methods, you can confidently incorporate "A Model of Christian Charity" into your academic work, enriching your analysis and demonstrating a thorough understanding of this pivotal text in American history. Remember to always cite your sources correctly and accurately.
